The Journal of Humanities is a semi-annual journal established in 1990 and is one of the first scientific journals in the country. The Journal of Humanities publishes original scientific articles in three languages: Arabic, French, and English, with the aim of encouraging scientific research and promoting the output of researchers at our university, and creating a space for the exchange of ideas and scientific expertise with other national and foreign institutions. To ensure the journal's acceptable quality, all articles are reviewed by a reading committee.
Evaluation of executive functions in children between (6-11) years old, based on the BRIEF test, an Arabic version for parents
This research aims to present a screening tool for executive function disorders, version for parents, containing 82 items intended for children (6-11 years old) It allows the observation of these functions through apparent behaviors during the last six months , which are related to emotional regulation, working memory, planning, inhibition and cognitive flexibility, in the environment in which the child lives. Where we translated the instruction and the items that are behaviors practiced by the child in Arabic addressed to the parents of BRIEF, It is with the aim of its compatibility with the Algerian environment and the characteristics of its members. by presenting it to referees with scientific experience and qualifications, and due to the absence of the cultural factor, the observations were taken into account and minor adjustments were made to the tool, taking into account the cultural level of each family.
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Workplace Mobbing and Burnout Among a Sample of Nurses
The study aimed to identify the correlation between workplace mobbing and burnout from the perspective of a sample of nurses. It also sought to determine the differences in their burnout levels based on variables such as gender, age, and seniority. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive methodology was adopted, and data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, consisting of 22 items, and a workplace mobbing scale, comprising 46 items. Tools were applied to a non-random purposive sample of 30 nurses at Al-Bir Hospital, Constantine. The study found a positive correlation between workplace mobbing and burnout through dimensions such as: personal reputation defamation, professional reputation defamation, and endangering the victim's health. No significant differences in the burnout levels among the sample based on age and seniority.
The Theme of the Body in the Novel “El-Zendjia” by Aisha Bannour
The feminist novel has made significant strides in highlighting gender issues and roles, as its themes have multiplied, and its methods and styles of presentation have diversified. The theme of the body and its representations has become one of the most prominent topics in Arabic novels in general and Algerian literature in particular, where it has formed the central focus of artistic works in both vision and representation. This study aims to uncover the various cultural perceptions and implicit systems underlying the representations of the female body under the dominance of a patriarchal society, as portrayed in the narrative turns of the novel "Al-Zandjia" by Aisha Benour.
The strategy of local communities in promoting and enhancing local investment in light of Investment Law 22-18
Economic approaches differ from political and social approaches, and although it is difficult and impossible to separate them, one of the most prominent aspects of state formation is the economic aspect, which remains crucial for the advancement of other sectors. The success of investment in any country is considered one of the indicators of economic takeoff. Algeria is among the countries that have engaged in numerous partnerships to attract various investments, especially foreign ones. However, several factors have hindered this, including that all investments were concentrated in the energy sector, primarily relying on oil, leading to what is termed a rentier economy. Additionally, a strategic mistake by the state has been the marginalization of local communities in wealth creation, assigning them a non-productive administrative role. Given all these issues, particularly those faced by local communities, it has become imperative for the government to focus on local development and investment to achieve the main goal of reducing regional disparities between poor and wealthy municipalities and provinces. Investment is considered one of the 16 commitments among the 54 commitments the state seeks to fulfill, aligning with the new directions of the Algerian government, aiming to make local communities an effective economic agent to promote local investment and ultimately achieve comprehensive local development.
The rules of capacity in the civil codification and family codification, from the hypothesis of complementarity between the texts to the reality of conflicting rulings
It is known that the civil codification is the general Shariah, reffering to it whenever there is no text on a specific issue in the rest of the relevant laws. Among these laws; the codification of the family. The civil codification included general provisions regarding capacity rules, some of them reffered to the texts of the family codification which had not yet been issued, and this embodies in the phenomenon of the principle of complementarity between the two laws. However, the issuance of the family codification nine years after the issuance of the civil codification showed the converse in many placements. Particularly in the rules governing the capacity of persons; therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the content of those rules, with shedding light the areas of incompatibility between them, and then providing solutions to get out of the state of incoherency between texts or even conflict between them.
The Judiciary Interpretation of the Substantive Criminal Text and its Judicial Problematic Issues
The judiciary interpretation is a mental and cognitive activity that relates to jurisprudence, the magistrate has recourse to it when he is in a situation to apply a criminal rule for a particular case, for the purposes of understanding the law maker’s intent, provided the observance of the principle of the legality of offences and punishments is respected, together with the restricted interpretation of the criminal text. The magistrate ought to omit referring to analogy, and should interpret doubt for the benefit of the accused. The formulation of criminal texts in an ambiguous way or in a way creating contradiction between legal provisions is one of the most problematic issues regarding judiciary interpretation. The other problematic issue is the misinterpretation by the magistrate of the criminal text.
The Constitutional Court : A Guarantee for Protecting the Right to a Healthy Environment
The environment holds immense importance, having become a subject of third-generation rights recognized internationally through various treaties and conventions, which has transitioned to constitutions and internal legislation. Thus, the Algerian constitutional founder enshrined this right within the constitutional document starting from the 2016 constitutional amendment and reaffirmed the same approach through the 2020 amendment, reinforcing it with significant constitutional guarantees, the most important of which is replacing the Constitutional Council with the Constitutional Court as a strong guarantee for the protection of rights and freedoms, including the right to a healthy environment. This is done by enabling litigants to challenge the unconstitutionality of any legislative or regulatory text that violates this right, in addition to the oversight and interpretive role it plays in this regard.
The concept of poetry and its function according to the poets of Algeria Through the book "Algerian national poetry" For Ahmed Sharafi Al-Rifai
Algerian poetry is a sincere expression of the political and national situation in general, and Algeria poets have taken great care of it, especially in the French colonial period, aware of the function of poetry in spreading awareness of these issues, and aspiring to liberation and achieving renaissance in all its fields, and this article dealt with this theme through a reading in the book "Algerian National Poetry" by Charfi Al-Rifai, where the importance of this choice comes from the fact that it stems from the chapters of the book that combined what is the history of Algerian poetry, He showed what is functional and artistic, depending on the descriptive approach, and reached conclusions including that Algerian poetry was a platform for expressing the cause of liberation, with awareness of the aesthetic function of poetry.
The cognitive overlap between linguistic, social and human sciences in the field of applied linguistics
This article deals with cognitive overlap and applied linguistics between linguistic, social and human sciences, and the choice of these sciences was due to their importance in human life and society, and this study aims to reveal the prominent role in the issue of overlap between linguistic, social and human sciences, and to know their advantages, problems and rules and the role of this integration in establishing social and psychological linguistics. Finally, access to the importance of interdisciplinary sciences in solving linguistic problems related to psychology and sociology. In addition to the importance of integration between science, and the integration of knowledge with reality, to establish the most important branches of applied linguistics.
The behavior of a dying-sick person overwhelmed by fear of death, makes him act by “over” donating his money which may affect his interests and the ones of his heirs. That is why, the Islamic Sharia, was precursor in detailing its provisions, within bequest acts, particularly the donation act, which was followed by the Algerian legislator by the terms of his articles. It became necessary to study the behavior of the dying-sick person by both jurisprudence and law to identify the ambiguity and the impact on his behavior, changing it into a testament to protect the other’s rights from any loss.
Protection of minorities victims of armed conflicts in light of international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law aims to protect civilians in general during armed conflicts, including minorities. These groups are often subjected to a wide range of serious violations of human rights, both in general and specifically as minorities, such as genocide, forced displacement, and other unlawful aggressive practices. Consequently, international humanitarian law imposes a duty to protect civilians against all parties involved, under any circumstances during armed conflicts, especially women and children. However, the reality faces significant challenges in realizing the content of this legal protection afforded to minorities. Therefore, the international community seeks to focus protection on these specific groups through international and regional mechanisms. This research paper will discuss the conceptual framework of armed conflicts and the groups concerned with protection, and then move on to highlight the international legal framework for protecting these groups, relying on both descriptive and analytical approaches.
Penal responsibilities of the banking institution for computer errors in the electronic transfer of money
Banking institutions have been applying informatics in their field of work for a long time. At the beginning of the nineties, as a result of the expansion in the use of computers, the information industry emerged, due to its great ability to store information and the ease of retrieving it upon request. The banking institutions sector is considered the sector that benefits most from this development, as it Banking operations as a whole have been affected by the application of information technology in all its operations and financial movements in all its forms and forms Also, in 1977, the US Congress formed a committee concerned with studying the possibility of making an electronic transfer of money using information technology, which recently ended its application in bank transfer systems, and from here began to appear to us the dilemma of computer errors when transferring money electronically, and our article aims to shed light and address these issues. The issue and determining the criminal liability for errors resulting from the electronic transfer of money, who bears responsibility for those errors, and on what basis is criminal liability against the perpetrators of this act How can criminal liability be assigned to the banking institution from which the error resulted? To that end, this study was organized and addressed an explanation of what is meant by criminal liability and the legal conditions that must be met so that the banking institution can be held accountable for those errors, in addition to talking about the direct actor theory as a basis for holding the banking institution accountable for computer errors. Automated.
Normative Approach to Resolving Jurisprudential Debate on the Legal Nature of the Constitutional Court
The legal nature of the Constitutional Court has been the subject of much debate in academic circles, both at conferences and in scholarly articles, particularly since the adoption of the constitutional amendment of 2020, which established the Constitutional Court as a constitutional institution to replace the Constitutional Council. In this paper, we will examine the legal nature of the Constitutional Court and classify it as a special judicial body. To justify this classification, we will conduct research and provide evidence, both tangible and intangible, that confirms and establishes both the judicial character and the special nature of the Constitutional Court
Mechanisms of the communication process between the student and the teacher at the university stage
Modern educational curricula, taking advantage of the various ideas and concepts contained in the linguistic theories and various pedagogical approaches adopted by modern educational reforms, emphasize the need to change the function of each element of the communication process. (Professor), interlocutor (students), university educational discourse as the university professor should be convinced (Arabic) His role in the education process has gone beyond the threshold of the idea of dropping off and stuffing information. In his mind, he must be deeply convinced that his role as President is to guide, guide, foster dialogue among students and create a spirit of cooperation among them in various communication situations. Conversely, it should not take hold in the students' mind that it is a mere recipient of information. incapable of discussing them, but should be convinced that he possesses diverse competencies that make him capable of dialogue and discussion in every communicative situation. At the same time, university educational discourse should be meaningful and contain the contents of the convergence of university students' realities. The success of the communication process is accompanied by a change in each component's endeavor and also by the activation of its mechanisms and the removal of them from the limits of the model.
Legal Seclusion in Prisons Between Jurisprudential tests and Punitive Systems
This study explores the concept of legal seclusion within correctional institutions by shedding light on various Islamic jurisprudential opinions, as well as the implementation of this system in Arab penal frameworks. It also examines the stance of the Algerian legislator regarding the adoption of legal seclusion as a method of penal treatment for inmates in correctional facilities. The study highlights the key religious and procedural requirements that must be observed to balance the respect for the rights of convicted individuals with the enforcement of penal discipline. The objective is to clarify the conceptual and regulatory dimensions of legal seclusion. An analytical and comparative methodology was employed, and the study concludes that the application of legal seclusion when implemented in accordance with its religious and procedural constraints can effectively mitigate many negative phenomena that adversely impact the psychological well-being of inmates.
Legal mechanisms for drug prevention between international frameworks and the Algerian approach in the light of Law 23-05
The prevention of drugs and the treatment of this phenomenon requires the concerted of a set of international and national efforts, and this can only be achieved by legal coordination between the various official and civil bodies, with the aim of activating the legislative and regulatory Legal texts related to the prevention of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. the Algerian legislator to combat this dangerous phenomenon that has spread terribly within Algerian society, where he worked to develop a stack of laws related to the prevention of drugs and substances. Starting with Ordinance 66-155 With regard to the Penal Code, and until the promulgation of Law No. 23-05 amending and supplementing Law No 04-18 on the prevention of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the combating of their illicit use and trafficking, these legislations constituted the governing legal framework in this field the legislator has drawn up a criminal policy to combat drug crimes in line with international developments.
Judicial Work in the Modern Technological Era
Rapid technological changes have profoundly transformed legal practices and judicial procedures, through the interaction of law with science fiction technologies in the era of artificial intelligence. This has had a widespread impact on the judicial system. This research aims to explore the trend towards “smart justice” within the framework of modern experiments and practices that have employed intelligent technologies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of judicial and legal work. This includes examining both the advantages and disadvantages. The research uses a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach to understand the mutual influences between technology and law, and how to leverage them to improve judicial practices. It also seeks to forecast the reality of judicial and legal work facing rapid technological development, and to propose ways for the judicial system to benefit from science fiction technologies in a manner that serves justice and the public interest.
Judicial precedent in the Algerian legal system
The Algerian law was influenced by the French law- which precedes the Latin system – So the law arises essentially from legislation and the task of the judiciary is limited to applying the law in accordance with the principle of separation of powers, so Judicial precedents are not considered an official source of law according to Article 01 of the Algerian Civil Code, and the judicial ruling has relative authority is limited within the scope of similar cases, and the reason for this binding moral force of judicial precedents is the concern for consistency of rulings in the similar cases in a way that preserves their stability in order to ensure unification of the law within the state through unified interpretation. The Supreme Court and the Council of state are authorized to unify judicial jurisprudence in accordance with Article 179 of the Constitutional Amendment of 2020, and these two judicial bodies will not succeed in achieving this task effectively and truly except through their respect for the legal procedures that guarantee this.
Humans from homosapiens to superhuman Between the momentum of myth and technological development
Since discovering the first words, man has been obsessed with the supernatural view of what he does not know or thinks he does not know. He has been considered the most elegant strain of the human species, which has survived. Moreover, this dynasty has developed ideas, philosophies and fantasies of its physical and spiritual reality, until this Homosapines came to realize that he is capable of representing traits beyond what he was created for. His obsession hasspread to the sphere of divine traits in various cultures and through many times and ages, until, using, knowledge and science, he reached a great degree of technological development that will allow him to realize the obsession of immorality of living longer and the supernatural powers, and to open up this new asset, a Continuum of technology the same technology that's going to change the human body to take this man to the road of extinction.
How the International Criminal Court exercises its jurisdiction
It was stated in the statute of the International Tribunal that the latter established its revolutionary mandate only on the most dangerous part that worries the international community, to the extent that it completes it without detracting from or activating national exhaustion, and that the drafters of this statute would have completed setting complex conditions for it to complete the executive work. According to its international jurisdiction, it must be aware of the occurrence of this international quantity, and the Rome Statute specifies how to bring the matter to the court, and also specifies the persons legally qualified to bring it before it, and the role of states in presenting and receiving the perpetrators of the international contribution, and also specifies the procedures necessary for effective filing, and between This study is the jurisdiction of the judicial court, which fully determines the basis of the type of crime and the person who prosecuted it, and also whether the court is competent in complementing it with the jurisdiction of the national judicial court, and introduces us to the judicial instructions, and then explains to us the ways to appeal the judge who issued it.
Employing modern teaching methods in teaching Islamic jurisprudence Its importance and methods
This research focuses on how to employ modern teaching methods in the educational process for teaching Islamic jurisprudence. The one who is still dominated by traditional methods that do not satisfy the thirst of the student, and hinder serious academic achievement and excellence. The aim of the study is to try to find the optimal ways to employ modern teaching methods in supporting the quality of teaching Islamic jurisprudence. In order to achieve the idea of modern education that aims to integrate traditional teaching methods with modern educational approaches. The study has concluded to results, most notably; the importance of employing modern teaching methods in teaching Islamic jurisprudence, and benefiting from its numerous and diverse advantages. As indicated by a set of appropriate practical mechanisms that combine the preservation of the authenticity of Islamic knowledge, and the benefit of modern methods that facilitate the process of education. As the study highlighted the importance of the teacher, and that modern teaching methods cannot eliminate his position. His presence remains essential and very important, as he is the first direct contact in the education process.
This research focuses on studying the issue of e-commerce as a newly emerging form of commercial transactions and a manifestation of the knowledge economy, which has arisen as a result of modern technological developments. In this context, the importance of analyzing the adequacy of laws governing e-commerce in relation to the rapid global transformations in the field of information becomes evident. The aim of this research is to comprehensively review this topic and clarify its various dimensions, including the fundamental concepts that regulate the activity and development of e-commerce at the levels of companies, governments, and even individuals as electronic consumers. In the Algerian context, e-commerce is a relatively new practice, and its features have begun to take shape through Law 18-05 related to e-commerce. This law has provided multiple opportunities for online operators by establishing guarantees such as electronic advertising and adopting digital payment methods. Therefore, it is essential to highlight the reality of e-commerce in Algeria, along with its advancements and challenges.
In the context of rapid advancements in the digital age, digital banks have emerged as transformative innovations, fundamentally reshaping the way individuals and businesses access financial services. By harnessing modern technology, these banks provide a comprehensive array of financial services without requiring customers to visit physical branches, thereby offering unparalleled convenience and flexibility. In Algeria, the legislator has undertaken significant steps to regulate digital banking activities as part of efforts to modernize the national banking system. This is reflected in the enactment of the new Monetary and Banking Law 23-09 and the subsequent issuance of Bank of Algeria Regulation 24-04, which outlines the specific conditions for licensing, establishing, and operating digital banking activities.
Within the context of the rapid economic and technological advances being witnessed by the world’s nations and the encouragement of young people, especially in developing countries, among which graduates of universities and educational institutions who aspire to enter the world of finance and business, it emerged a very important mechanism that contributes to achieving this, namely, startups, which help reviving and developing The local economy, and also promoting the social situation and eliminating a significant part of the unemployment rate as well, however, startups, for their survival, are constantly looking for guidance and support from more knowledgeable and experienced parties. Furthermore, they seek to reach a position that allows them achieve continuity and growth, as we know These institutions lack experience and skills in most cases, in addition to the weaknesses in their financial resources that would allow them to survive، In order to ensure the continuity and growth of startups and keep pace with the world of competition and competitiveness, It emerged a mechanism that provides support to them, represented in business incubators as entities which provide all forms of support beginning with the initial study of the project idea , through investment, industry and marketing processes, together with marketing and export services.
Administrative procedures’ conduct in the field of investment under the provisions of Law No. 22-18
Administrative procedures for completing various stages and processes of investment are topics of great importance from a theoretical and practical point of view, as simple and quick procedures and the presence of bodies tasked with accompanying investors from an administrative point of view contribute to the most important requirements for improving the investment environment in a country. The Algerian Legislature has approved through Law No. 22-18, related to investment, a set of new facilities and incentives with regard to the administrative track of accompanying and embodying investments, whether related to expanding the role of the National Investment Council, the powers of the Algerian agency for investment promotion and the creation of a digital platform at its disposal, or the establishment of the Supreme In addition to easing the procedures related to granting economic real-estate directed to the embodiment of investment projects. Finally, we have concluded that legal amendments related to the course of administrative procedures will not be sufficient alone, unless they are accompanied by institutional performance that embodies them and goes beyond the traditional management that governs it.
A historical Critical Reading in the Memoirs Of El Hadj Ahmed Sharif El Zahar Captain Of Algeria’s Ashraf
This paper deals with an important source of history of Algeria during the Ottoman period, namely the memoirs of Haj Ahmed to Sharif al-Zahar Naqib Achraf in Algiers, which chronicles the last phase of the Ottoman presence in Algeria and the beginning of the French occupation. The importance of this study lies in the fact that the author is an eyewitness to historical events and facts because of the social status he has received in Algerian society as Captain of Algerian supervision as well as the administrative positions assigned to him, which helped him in the transmission of historical events. This book was an honest mirror that removed the mystery of the fact of the Ottoman presence in Algeria during the recent period and through this paper we will try to introduce its owner and stand on its content, and know its method of writing, and mention some of the insults around it as well as show its importance in proportion to the history of modern Algeria.
Granting economic real estate in light of low 23-17 and its related decrees
Algerian state, aiming to support investors in implementing their projects by allocating a substantial portion of its private national properties for this purpose. The provision of economic real estate is integral to the strategy of revitalizing the national economy and reducing dependence on oil. A law was issued in Issue No. 73 of the official journal, specifying the conditions and methods for granting economic real estate belonging to the state’s private property and aimed at completing investment projects. This law and its accompanying decrees are meant to complement the new investment law. Although the latter offers numerous tax, financial, and fiscal benefits for both foreign and local investors, its success depends on being accompanied by a set of reforms that improve the business in Algeria, especially through new legislative measures affecting various sectors to advance the national economy.
Teaching has transitioned from in-person to e-Learning. Face-to-face communication now takes place through telecommunication, thanks to Web 2.0 technology. Virtual interaction, whether synchronous or asynchronous, mediated by a keyboard and facilitated through an internet connection, now largely dominates teaching and training platforms. Speech acts are guided by conversational and conventional factors such as context, the participatory (collaborative) framework, the intent of the exchange, and interpersonal relationships. In verbal interactions, whether oral or written in the context of computer-mediated communication, the specific features of the connection tools, the innovative context of the discussion, and their impact on the didactic approach to training and its educational effectiveness are crucial. The goal is to study how participants manage the enunciation situation and co-construct meaning in a digital environment shaped by civility, reflecting the sociocultural parameter.
The implicit pedagogical objectives in professionalizing university training for paramedics
The title “Linguistic Remediation / Techniques of Oral and Written Expression” for the FLE module, intended for first-year students in the LMD professional bachelor's program in paramedical sciences, poses a challenge for instructors as it brings together two distinct didactic paradigms in FLE. The examination of the course units reveals a discrepancy between the course's purpose and its explicitly stated objectives, raising questions about its pedagogical intentions. This qualitative, descriptive, and analytical research aims to identify the implicit objectives and the hidden curriculum through the analysis of teaching organization sheets and the detailed program. The results show that these implicit objectives primarily target the development of transversal linguistic skills and autonomy in academic and professional writing for the students.
Wise Administrative Leadership and Its Role in Developing Positive Organizational Behavior among Administrative Employees
Management in organizations faces significant challenges in achieving quality, stability, and sustainability. Leaders, therefore, bear the responsibility of fostering an effective organizational climate that combines the art and science of guiding human behavior in the workplace. Administrative leadership is not merely a position; it is a duty that necessitates decision-making and efficient resource management. A successful leader must possess essential qualities and skills to manage individuals effectively. Wise leadership is crucial for maximizing the potential of human resources, as it directly influences key organizational functions such as planning, organizing, coordinating, and directing, driving institutional growth and resilience. Furthermore, wise leadership enhances institutional sustainability by fostering employee commitment and loyalty. By creating a collaborative and supportive environment, leadership becomes a cornerstone for achieving organizational goals, adapting to current challenges, and ensuring institutional stability and excellence.