The Journal of Humanities is a semi-annual journal established in 1990 and is one of the first scientific journals in the country. The Journal of Humanities publishes original scientific articles in three languages: Arabic, French, and English, with the aim of encouraging scientific research and promoting the output of researchers at our university, and creating a space for the exchange of ideas and scientific expertise with other national and foreign institutions. To ensure the journal's acceptable quality, all articles are reviewed by a reading committee.
Valuing the law of public procurements and its role in sustainable development
Recently issued legislation on public procurements (Law No. 23 12 of 5 August 2023) to crown a series of successive texts that reflected the developments of public spending and the legislator's view of the way it is regulated. Through this study, we try to clarify the reality of public procurements in Algeria and their relationship to sustainable development, and to review some aspects of valuation and rationalization of public procurements, especially what was brought by the recent legislation again in this field, and to come up with some constructive proposals.
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The methodology of Al-Kissa'i in selecting the Qira’at of the Qur'an
The topic of this article deals with Al-Kissa'i's methodology in selecting the qira'at. The research begins with an introduction to introduce the topic, then a preface on selection in the qira'at, then a biography of Imam Al-Kissa'i, then a study of the criteria for providing evidence for the qira'at according to him, then a conclusion containing the most important findings. The research confirmed that Al-Kissa'i's approach in choosing the qira'at was characterised by following what is stipulated, and That most of his choices are in accordance with the qira'at of the people of Kufa, which is the qira'at of his sheikhs, except in some places he disagreed with their qira'at and chose the qira'at of the people of Hijaz or Basrah, and that the most prominent criteria he adopted in selecting the qira'at: Approval of the explicit Quranic script, approval of the qira'at of the Prophet _peace be upon him_ or the qira'at of the Companions, consideration of the intervals between verses, and consideration of the most clear meaning.
The hermeneutic circle of language and the limits of text
Since the dawn of creation, the human world has witnessed different perceptions of communication,they used many; verbal and non-verbal means (gestures, images, symbols). To achieve Their goals in the best possible way, So the writing was the most perception used to simulate the life with langage wich is the grate unit in expretion operation,because the,Langage system and its symbols are able to keep the human history in all times,as it published the civelization between humanity and identify it. Consequently,langage become the important prevailing project to this day .therefor Researchers took various ways to stady its knowledges whether who is interested to its advantages or described its negatives to discover the texts’s hidden essence . finally,to approach this last, must be study the relationship between Literary Genres and its critical practices by suggesting the concept of the linguistic circle, thus what is meant by this circle?
The crime of witchcraft and sorcery according to Law 06/24
The crime of witchcraft and sorcery has recently spread widely, becoming a serious concern due to physical, psychological, and religious harm it causes. In response to the growth of this criminal phenomenon, The Algerian Criminal Legislator amended the legal classification of the crime from misdemeanour to aggravated offense and intensified the criminal penalty associated with it under the 06/24 amendment of penal Code. This was aimed at achieving both general and specific deterrence for anyone who dares to harm religious beliefs, the safety of individuals, and the stability and security of society.
The contribution of the green economy to achieving the dimensions of sustainable development in Algeria in the period (2015-2023)
This research aims to identify the contribution of the green economy to achieving the dimensions of sustainable development in Algeria, based on the descriptive analytical approach, By evaluating of (EPI), and sustainable development indicators in the period (2015-2023), We concluded that Algeria recorded a poor performance in terms of the (EPI), Which has been negative for them performance in terms of the environmental dimension, While it has performed well in terms of both the economic dimension and social dimension, meaning that the green economy had only a small contribution to achieving one environmental dimension, and did not contribute to the realization of the economic and social dimension. We therefore recommend that Algeria make more efforts to improve its environmental performance, By developing a comprehensive national strategy, that supports the different sectors of the green economy in order to strengthen its role in achieving sustainable development.
The Algerian administrative judiciary's specificity through the constitutional modification of the year 2020
The administrative dispute has enjoyed a specificity since its adoption the administrative chambers system between the apparently unified judicial system and the practically dual judicial system, and the Algerian administrative judicial system's specificity was actually established by the constitutional modification of the year 1996 that established the state's council as an evaluated body of the administrative judiciary bodies' works, where it exercises a judicial function as well as undertakes an advisory function as a privilege which sets the most outstanding characteristics of the administrative judicial system whose structures were gradually formed starting with the establishment of administrative courts under the law no: 98-02, to be completed by the establishment of administrative courts of appeal under the constitutional modification of the year 2020.
The Administrative Judge's Approaches to Competitive Economic Dispute
Administrative justice has undergone a recent evolution due to the political, social and economic development that the world is experiencing, which has led to the opening up of the administrative judge to the competitive economic field. At a time when competitive disputes between economic operators on the market are multiplying. As the Algerian legislator has entrusted the Competition Council with the task of ensuring that competition functions properly, this study aims to show how the administrative judge deals with modern economic disputes linked to competition litigation, in order to achieve administrative justice and thus contribute to the establishment of the state of law.
Symbols and Connotations in The Art of Islamic Architecture
The art of Islamic architecture is distinctive and unique in nature because it uses the language of symbols and suggestions as a means of expressing the abstraction of the form, the hint of meaning and the remoteness of the statement, due to specific religious and ideological reasons, and the inheritance of this symbolic thought across various time hurdles to this day. So through this study we will try to identify these symbols and reveal their connotations and interpret them by linking them with Islamic thought.
New legislative provisions in the context of responding to the reality of start-ups in Algeria
The Algerian legislator established a set of legislative provisions with the aim of establishing a suitable environment for start-ups. in this study, we wanted to ask about the most important of these legislative provisions and their importance in supporting start-ups. In this context, the legislator established the system of paticipatory financing as a new form of financing and the system of venture capital companies. This is in addition to setting special provisions in the public procurement law and in commercial law,In addition to regulating new professions within banking law. Through this study, we have determined that there is a real will to support these institutions. However, continuing efforts in this framwork and activating these legislative provisions in practical reality remains a necessary matter to achieve the desired economic goal.
International legal protection of children from the crime of abduction
The crime of abducting children from old crimes has escalated and has spread significantly in recent times. And that is whey it has been classified as one of the most important crimes against children and the most serious of all, especially because it has become linked to organized crime, to protect children from them, States have strengthened and intensified their efforts at the international level to combat and address them by concluding and establishing numerous international conventions and protocols, all of which call for the protection of children and the preservation of their rights. It stipulates a number of legal principles and rules by which the child is accorded the utmost care for his or her rights and combating the various crimes against him or her, in particular the crime of abduction.
Evaluating the performance of employees in Algerian institutions
Through this study, we aim to identify the employee performance evaluation system applied in the Algerian institution, analyze this system, identify its strengths and weaknesses, understand its components, and how to benefit from its application in order to maximize its gains for the institution and employees. It was concluded through this study that institutions evaluate the performance of employees using a set of standards and methods in order to correct the course of the institution and achieve continuity and growth for it by adapting to internal and external conditions and developing the individual competencies and capabilities of its employees.
Contributions of digital transformation as a strategic direction in improving the quality of Algerian university services
In light of the dominance of modern technology and smart technology, digital transformation has become a strategic direction and an imperative necessity for countries and their governments seeking to develop their institutions and improve their services. This research paper attempts to shed light on the contributions of digital transformation to improving the quality of public services at Algerian universities through the innovation and development of digital public services aimed at improving the student experience, professor efficiency and employee performance and elevating Algerian universities to the ranks of international universities. To accomplish this study, a descriptive analytical approach was followed when addressing the theoretical framework of digital transformation, strategic direction, digital public services and then the challenges facing Algerian universities. The study concluded that digital transformation is the main pillar for improving the quality of Algerian university services and making higher education more comprehensive and innovative to support academic and research progress in a sustainable manner.
Algorithmic prediction of commercial contracts concluded within the framework of commercial companies
This research paper aims to theorize the proposed technical approach based on AI algorithms it is called APRECON "the technique of algorithmic prediction in commercial contracts", and the generality of adopting the technique was allocated in the study to commercial companies, thus the gist of this technique is the prediction of international commercial contracts and the subsequent proposals suitable for commercial companies qualified to contract with them within the framework of each type of the predicted contract. The study conducted that this technique is appropriate to adopt due to the economic effects it achieves, and the possibility of being subject to restrictions in the light of current absence of legislation that would regulate the work of smart predictive algorithm, in addition to the legitimacy of adopting it according to the Islamic jurisprudence and the necessity of taking in account a set of jurisprudential controls.
Hybrid teaching at the Algerian University
In this contribution, we discuss hybrid teaching in Algerian higher education institutions. This mode, imposed by the Covid- 19 pandemic, is implemented to protect teaching staff and students from contamination and to validate the academic year. The shift from traditional teaching, which consists of exclusively delivering lectures and tutorials in person, to hybrid teaching, which results from « a combination of learning activities offered in person, in real times, and remotely, in synchronous and asynchronous times » (ENDRIZZI, L. 2012 : 14), was not a sinecure at it poses problems for both teachers and students. Regarding the adopted methodology,we conducted a survey within the Department of Letters and French Language, at the Frères MENTOURI- Constantine 1 University. Starting from the idea that the questionnaire is the basic tool of the survey, we relied on two questionnaires, the first is intended for our French colleagues, the second is addressed to second- year Master’s students, option Language Sciences. The responses from our informants allowed us to confirm two hypotheses, the first is related to the difficulties that the disance teaching mode poses to teachers, the second concerns the problems that students face.
Research Trends on Intellectual Property And Contribution of Arab Countries
Papers indexed in the Scopus database from 1993 to 2022 was used for scientometric analysis on intellectual property, revealing the quantitative distribution by year, language and type of publication of 4489 documents; Also the contribution of Arab countries has been studied, the analysis of the collaboration of Arab authors and the analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords are analyzed via the VOSviewer software. The results show that intellectual property publications have experienced sustained growth through 2011 and fluctuations from 2012 to 2022; that the USA, UK and China are the most active countries; the contribution of the Arab countries is very minimal (2%) compared to the world production, Egypt, the Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are the best ranked.
Innovation in Curriculum Design and Assessment
The researchers conducted a study on the impact of using technology in curriculum design and assessment on student performance in high schools in the city of Setif for the academic year (2023/2024). They selected a sample of 200 high school students and divided them into two groups: a group that uses technology in education and a group that relies on traditional methods. After collecting and analyzing the data, the results of the study concluded that using technology in curriculum design and assessment has a positive impact on student performance in high schools in the city of Setif.
Watching social media and its impact on children’s family communication
The current study aims to reveal the impact of watching social media on children’s family communication, as a field study in the city of Ain El Melh, where the study sample consisted of 30 families of children who were chosen randomly. Based on that, we are trying through this study to answer the following general question: - To what extent does watching social media affect children’s family communication? Which includes the following sub-questions: - To what extent does social media time affect children’s family communication? - To what extent does frequent viewing of social media affect children’s family communication? - To what extent does the absence of parental control over the quality of programs viewed affect children’s family communication?
Gender diversity within businesses presents both challenges and opportunities in skills management. While ensuring equitable representation, diverse teams offer varied perspectives, fostering innovation and problem-solving. Managing skills amidst this diversity involves recognizing biases, implementing inclusive policies, and providing equal growth opportunities. Effective skills management enhances productivity, engagement, and organizational performance. By embracing diversity, companies cultivate a more inclusive work culture and gain a competitive edge.
Technology acceptance model to analyze factors influencing intention to use bitcoin in Algerian context
The purpose of this paper is firstly to support the adaptability of technology acceptance model in Algerian context and secondly to explore drivers of behavioral intention to adopt bitcoin. A framework based on TAM was proposed in order to explore intention to use bitcoin. The sample collected combines students from Constantine 2 compus and Constantine adherents of Algerian bitcoins’ forum, for data analysis structural equation modeling approach was established via Amos 24 software. The findings show that construct was good model fit and can be applied to explain theory since the model was confirmed. Results indicate that intention to use bitcoin by Algerian user is mostly influenced by subjective norm contrarily to government regulation that shows a non-negative and a non-significant effect, intention is impacted by attitude which is affected positively by perceived usefulness and perceived ease to use, and negatively by compatibility. study gives better understanding for practitioners and researchers in practical way the importance level of several influencing factors studied that need to be considered for individual aging category 20-30 having knowledge about crypto-currencies in Algerian context.
Governance and Its Role in Reducing Corruption in Commercial Companies
Adopting corporate governance is an important requirement as a mechanism to reduce corruption affecting commercial companies, as the advancement of the business sector necessarily requires the effective implementation of accountability, transparency, justice, and equality. The adoption of governance ensures the regulation of corporate crimes through internal and external oversight. Undoubtedly, the adoption of governance protects the rights and interests of minorities in commercial companies from the tyranny of the majority, all to achieve the objectives for which the company as a legal entity was established.
Anticipating the future of digital transformation in Algeria
Digital transformation is one of the basic pillars in the management of the global economy, and it means obtaining information, processing it and transforming it into knowledge capable of creating added value. Through this article, we aim to anticipate the future of digital transformation in Algeria and the most important driving forces for it. We relied on the forward-looking analytical approach when studying future scenarios for digital transformation in Algeria, as the study concluded that Algeria’s performance in the field of digital transformation remains modest, and is dependent on both infrastructure. Digital, human capital, innovation, knowledge and technology, finance, digital security, and the Internet. The study recommends the need to establish an appropriate ground at the national level for digital transformation, whether it is related to the legal aspect, the human aspect and the material and financial capabilities.
African American Muslims under Barack Obama’s Post-black Politics
The election of Barack Obama was an unprecedented event that triggered scholarly research and excited cultural and racial critics about the factors that contributed to the election of an African American president. “Post-blackness” is a philosophy that intends to explain the complexities of Obama’s personality as well as signals the end of traditional blackness in favor of a more fluid and boundless black identity that Obama personifies. This identity relies on multilingualism that rejects black authenticity and rejects historical ties to the cultural trauma that held back the African American community. This article offers a qualitative analysis of Barack Obama’s Post-black politics which were characterized by deracialization, neutrality and inclusivity but did not achieve the expected impact on the Muslim African American community. Moreover, Obama’s attitude towards Islam in America did not reflect a Post-black policy of racial justice; rather, it held the position of the previous administration, both in terms of domestic and foreign affairs. Obama’s Post-black aesthetic did not impact his political agenda, which led to the general deception of both Sunni and unorthodox Black American Muslims.
The problems of proving the status of the possessor according to the possession certificate
Possession is a factual condition that is difficult to prove, especially since written evidence is not required for its proof. Therefore, the possession certificate was introduced as a means to accelerate the process of land organization. It serves as a legal possession document on which the holder relies to prove their status and to use possession as a means to acquire ownership. The certificate produces its legal effect and does not require other evidence to prove its validity, placing the holder in a privileged legal position. However, the certificate only confirms the possession of its holder at the date of its issuance. Possession may be interrupted, or the certificate may be revoked, especially since it remains subject to cancellation without a specific time limit. This raises issues concerning the legal effects that the possession certificate may have established, such as the possibility of obtaining a building permit or arranging a mortgage. Thus, legislative intervention is required to address the imbalances in the real estate system.
The controls of the Human Organs Removal and Transplantation Under the Algerian Health Code
The world has achieved a significant progress in medicine, due to the enormous scientific discoveries , so that enable to save many patients' lives , and rid them of their pains ; notably after the success of the organ removal and transplantation . and it was incumbent to annex this progress with some updated legal provisions, to frame and control this process, so as not depart from its framework and noble purposes, and even be reconcile between the interests of the donor's in maintaining the safety and dignity of his body , and the recipient patient in benefiting and utilizing the donated organ, And that's what the Algerian legislator tried to embody in the Algerian Health Law N° 18 -11.
This research article deals with the topic of ransomware attacks that have recorded a significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the large technology and digital services companies allowing their employees to work from home using their personal computers and enabling them to use passwords to access internal networks to complete the tasks assigned to them, where the negligence of some employees enabled hackers and intruders to use malicious software to penetrate networks and access companies' data and successfully encrypt them and then demand a ransom later. This study allows for a close look at the most important details of launching ransomware attacks, and the methods used to collect criminal money, then addressing the European Union's guidelines for law enforcement agencies (judges, investigators) in investigating and investigating ransomware attacks to identify the attackers and ensure their prosecution, by presenting a guide in late 2022.
Countries have known litigation procedures since ancient times, but in a narrow way, as the Pharaohs knew it first, and it was known in the Greek and Roman eras, when litigation procedures before the reconciliation court were simple and quick, and special courts, made up of people other than ordinary judges, were established to look into certain crimes, such as crimes committed in markets and public roads, as the Middle Ages knew that criminal procedures were brief to achieve speed, however, without prioritizing the protection of individual freedom. The primary objective of streamlining criminal procedures is to tackle
Scope of legal liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence machines
The legal liability of AI machines explores the ways of developing and deploying AI from a legal perspective. Using AI in a safe, reliable and ethical manner would bring transparency and help resolve many legal issues. The problem lies in determining the scope of legal liability for damages caused by AI machines; by adopting an analytical and descriptive approach, to enable the legislator to create a legal framework to address the challenges arising from the use of AI. In this paper, we discuss the nature of AI and its components in the first section, and the legal liability arising from the actions of AI in the second section. Let us conclude that a robot is nothing without programs. Recognizing the legal personality of a robot could have serious consequences. Traditional liability provisions are not sufficient with the emergence of new generations of AI capable of thinking, learning and making decisions independently.
President Obama’s Approach to Democracy Promotion in the MENA Region
This article examines former U.S. President Barack Obama’s approach to promoting democracy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region amid critiques and strategic shifts. It highlights his initial "Three Ds" strategy, standing for diplomacy, development, and defense, which excluded democracy as a direct focus, marking a departure from his predecessor’s Freedom Agenda. Central to this shift was President Obama’s 2009 Cairo speech, proposing a "New Beginning" with Muslim-majority nations and adopting softer rhetoric on democracy. However, the Arab uprisings challenged this strategy, leading to nuanced responses across Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen. The article also explores the post-Arab Spring period, where declining democracy funding raised questions about the administration’s priorities and commitment to democratic ideals in the region.
New Public Management and Hospital Performance in Algeria
Algerian public administration, long paralyzed by rigid and bureaucratic structures, has undertaken several reforms to modernize and play a leading role in the country's growth and prosperity. Inspired by New Public Management, a management method that emerged in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, these reforms aim to improve the efficiency of public action and redefine the role of the citizen. Despite the extension of these reforms to the hospital sector, the application of NPM at the Benbadis University Hospital Center in Constantine has not led to an improvement in the quality of care. To identify the causes of this failure, two semi-structured interviews were conducted in March 2024 with administrative officials and medical and paramedical staff of the emergency department. The study reveals that the implementation of NPM principles remained theoretical, preventing a true improvement in hospital services.
Metaverse technology represents a paradoxical concept, both mysterious and divided within itself, as it simultaneously suggests reality and non-reality, truth and falsehood. It merges real life with virtual and augmented reality, creating a significant impact across social, economic, technological, and even legal domains. Given that the law is one of these affected areas, it necessitates a pragmatic and realistic integration of all technological data under a thorough legal framework. Despite the difficulties and their impact on the structure and content of the legislation, this research paper aims to address the Metaverse from a legal perspective, specifically focusing on criminal law.