Legal Qualification of the Armed Conflict in Syria

Qur'an

1. Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, ed. Bashshar Awwad Ma'ruf (Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1996), vol. Kitab al-Salat, "On not reciting behind the imam when he recites aloud," Hadith no. 312

2. Al-Nasa'i, al-Sunan al-Kubra, "On not reciting behind the imam when he recites aloud," no. 978.

3. Ibn Hibban, Sahih Ibn Hibban, "Description of the Prayer," Hadith nos. 1875, 1881, 1882, 1883

4. Ibn Majah, Sunan Ibn Majah, "When the Imam recites, be silent," no. 852;

5. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-ʿArab, ed. ʿAbd Allah ʿAli al-Kabir et al. (Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, vol. 48), "naza.

6. Malik, al-Muwatta, "On not reciting behind the imam when he recites aloud," Hadith no. 194

Conventions:

1. Protocol Additional II, Article 1.

2. Geneva Conventions, Common Article 3.

3. Richard Shelly Hartigan, Lieber's Code: The Law of War (Transaction Publisher, 1983), Art. 149

4. Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, A/Hrc/39/65.

Books :

1. Abdullah Hanna, The History of Political Parties in Syria in the Twentieth Century (Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, n.d.)

2. Abdul Karim Alwan, Public International Law (Amman: Dar al-Thaqafa, 1994).

3. Ahmed Belkacem, International Arbitration (Morocco: Dar Houma, 2006

4. Hazem Muhammad Atalm, The Law of International Armed Conflicts (Cairo: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya, 2002)

5. Jassim Muhammad Asad, ISIS and the New Jihadists (Amman: Dar al-Yaqout, 2014)

6. Ismail Sabri Muqallad, International Political Relations (Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Akadimiya).

7. Muhammad Hafiz Ghanem, International Responsibility (Cairo: Institute of Arab Studies, 1966).

8. Omar Abdul Halim Bakour The concept of non-international armed conflict and its effects on the application of international humanitarian law.

9. Omari Abdul Qadir, Cooperation of States and International Criminal Justice,

10. Sadiq Abu Haif, Public International Law (Alexandria: Munsha'at al-Ma'arif, 1995)

11. Salah al-Din Amer, Introduction to Public International Law (Cairo: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya, 2007).

12. Suhayl Hussein al-Fatlawi and Imad Muhammad Rabi', International Humanitarian Law (Amman: Dar al-Thaqafa wa al-Tawzi', 2009).

Books in french:

1. Richard Shelly Hartigan, Lieber's Code: The Law of War (Transaction Publisher, 1983), Art. 149.

Tesis:

2. Amr Rawabhi, "External Interventions in the Syrian Conflict from the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law," file:///C:/Users/PC%20SAMSUNG/Downloads/pdf

3. Ben Issa Zayed, "Distinguishing Between International and Non-International Armed Conflicts" (Ph.D. diss., University of Muhammad Khidr, Biskra, 2017).

4. Khalil Ahmed al-Obeidi, "The Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflicts" (Ph.D. diss., University of St. Clements International, 2008).

5. Kodiakabadour Ban et al., Ten Legal Questions: The War in Syria under International Law (Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, 2018).

6. Manar Ismail, "Protection of Civilians During Armed Conflicts: The Arab-Israeli Conflict" (Master's thesis, University of Damascus, 2015).

7. Ruqaya Awashriya, "Protection of Civilians and Civilian Objects During Non-International Armed Conflicts" (Ph.D. diss., Ain Shams University, Egypt).

8. Sumaya Bu Jalal, "Arbitration in International Disputes" (Master's thesis, University of the Brothers Mentouri, Constantine, 2012).

Articles:

1. Rashid Hamad al-Anzi, "Guantanamo's Creed: Between International Humanitarian Law and the Logic of Power," Journal of Law 4 (2004): 20..

2. [Source Needed, Hijia News, Accessed Oct. 22, 2021].

3. Ahmed Ishraqieh, "The Application of International Humanitarian Law" (Research Paper, Applied Science Private University, 2016).

Websites:

4. "Syrian Liberation Front Controls Two Cities in Idlib," aawsat.com, https://aawsat.com/.

5. Fabrice Balanche, "The Assad Regime Has Failed to Regain Full Sovereignty Over Syrian Territory," Washington Institute, February 10, 2021, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org

6. See Https://documents –dd-ny.un.org22fubruary2012