نهج الرئيس أوباما لتعزيز الديمقراطية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الديمقراطية، تعزيز الديمقراطية، إدارة الرئيس أوباما، منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا، الانتفاضات العربيةالملخص
يتناول هذا المقال نهج الرئيس الأمريكي الأسبق باراك أوباما في تعزيز الديمقراطية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا، وهذا في ظل انتقادات وتحولات استراتيجية. المقال يسلط الضوء على استراتيجيته الأولية المعروفة بركائزها الثلاث، والتي تشمل الدبلوماسية والتنمية والدفاع، مستثنيةً الديمقراطية كتركيز مباشر، مما مثل تحولا عن "أجندة الحرية" التي اتبعها سلفه. وكان خطاب الرئيس أوباما في القاهرة عام 2009، الذي دعا فيه إلى "بداية جديدة" مع الدول ذات الأغلبية المسلمة وتبنى خطاباً أكثر ليونة حول الديمقراطية، محورياً لهذا التحول. ومع ذلك، فقد شكّلت الانتفاضات العربية تحدياً لهذه الاستراتيجية، مما دفع إلى استجابات متباينة في تونس ومصر وليبيا وسوريا والبحرين واليمن. يستعرض المقال أيضا فترة ما بعد الربيع العربي، حيث أثار تراجع تمويل برامج دعم الديمقراطية تساؤلات حول أولويات الإدارة الأمريكية والتزامها بالمبادئ الديمقراطية في المنطقة.
التنزيلات
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